Journal: Frontiers in Toxicology

Article Title: Machine learning-integrated network toxicology uncovers glioma targets of DEHP

doi: 10.3389/ftox.2026.1771011

Figure Lengend Snippet: The workflow of this study. First, we identified DEHP target genes that were associated with glioma. Then, we determined the potential target genes of DEHP in glioma. Subsequently, we performed functional enrichment analysis on the target genes to identify the potential biological pathways through which DEHP induced glioma. Finally, we used machine learning to screen the key core genes and to identify the optimal core genes influenced by DEHP in glioma, providing a basis for further analysis. COX prognosis analysis was used to determine the association between DEHP exposure and survival outcomes in glioma patients, with further validation through external population data. The binding stability of core genes with DEHP was validated using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. Ultimately, the U87 glioma cell line will be used for DEHP exposure to observe the expression profile of core genes.

Article Snippet: When U87 cells reached 80% confluence, they were treated with 10, 25, or 50 μM DEHP (MCE, Catalog No. HY-B1945) for 24, 48, or 72 h, respectively.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Biomarker Discovery, Binding Assay, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Toxicology

Article Title: Machine learning-integrated network toxicology uncovers glioma targets of DEHP

doi: 10.3389/ftox.2026.1771011

Figure Lengend Snippet: Initial proof-of-concept validation of core gene expression in U87 cells. (A–C) Relative mRNA levels of RELA, ABCA1, and HIF1A in U87 cells treated with 0, 10, 25, or 50 μM DEHP for 24, 48, or 72 h. (D) Quantified protein expression of RELA/p65, ABCA1, and HIF1A in U87 cells after 72 h DEHP exposure. Data are presented as mean ± SD from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was assessed by one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple-comparisons test versus the 0 μM control group. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001.

Article Snippet: When U87 cells reached 80% confluence, they were treated with 10, 25, or 50 μM DEHP (MCE, Catalog No. HY-B1945) for 24, 48, or 72 h, respectively.

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Gene Expression, Expressing, Control

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Three-Dimensional Analysis of Sex- and Gonadal Status- Dependent Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ph16020152

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of mice gonadal status (SHAM, GDX), MPTP, and dutasteride (DUT) treatment on TH striatal levels. ( A ) Representative example of striatal TH immunofluorescence. Scale bar = 1000 μm and ( B ) TH striatal intensity in SHAM and GDX males and SHAM and GDX female mice. Values shown are the means pixel intensity ± SEM of 6-16 mice per group. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc test: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Mice that received dutasteride (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada) (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or vehicle only (0.9% saline with 1% tween 80, i.p.) were injected once daily for 10 days.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Three-Dimensional Analysis of Sex- and Gonadal Status- Dependent Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ph16020152

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of mice gonadal status (SHAM, GDX), MPTP, and dutasteride (DUT) treatment on striatal microglial density. ( A ) Representative example of striatal Iba1 immunofluorescence. Scale bar = 20 μm; ( B ) Iba1 positive cells count in the striatum in SHAM and GDX males and SHAM and GDX female mice. Values shown are the mean number of Iba1 positive cells per mm 3 ± SEM of 4 images of 4-6 mice per group and 7 to 25 microglia per image. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc test: * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 and ( C ) Correlations between striatal DA contents with striatal microglial density (Iba1 positive cell counts).

Article Snippet: Mice that received dutasteride (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada) (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or vehicle only (0.9% saline with 1% tween 80, i.p.) were injected once daily for 10 days.

Techniques: Immunofluorescence

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Three-Dimensional Analysis of Sex- and Gonadal Status- Dependent Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ph16020152

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effect of mice gonadal status (SHAM, GDX), MPTP, and dutasteride (DUT) treatment on striatal microglial doublet. ( A ) Representative example of striatal microglial doublet indicated with white arrowheads. Scale bars = 5 μm; ( B ) Microglial doublet counts in the striatum in SHAM and GDX males and SHAM and GDX female mice. Values shown are the mean number of doublets per image ± SEM 4 images of 4-6 mice per group and from 0 to 4 microglial doublet per image. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc test: * p < 0.05 and **** p < 0.0001 and ( C ) Correlations between striatal DA contents with striatal microglial doublet counts.

Article Snippet: Mice that received dutasteride (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada) (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or vehicle only (0.9% saline with 1% tween 80, i.p.) were injected once daily for 10 days.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Three-Dimensional Analysis of Sex- and Gonadal Status- Dependent Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ph16020152

Figure Lengend Snippet: Three-dimension morphological analysis of striatal microglia schematic and effect of mice gonadal status (SHAM, GDX), MPTP, and dutasteride (DUT) treatment on striatal microglial morphology in 3D. ( A ) Number of arborization terminal points representing the number of ramifications terminal points in the whole microglia. Values shown are the sum of terminal points of microglia ± SEM ( B ) Number of arborization branch points representing the number of ramifications branching points in the whole microglia. Values shown are the sum of branch points of microglia ± SEM; ( C ) Number of arborization segments representing the number of ramification segments in the whole microglia. Values shown are the sum of the segment of microglia ± SEM; ( D ) Arborization length defined as the sum of the lengths of all branches within the entire microglia. Values shown are the sum of the length of each branch of each microglia ± SEM; ( E ) Sholl intersections defined as the sum of branches intersections with concentric circles (spheres in 3D) spaced 1 μm each. Values shown are the sum of Sholl intersection of each microglia ± SEM; ( F ) Radius expressed as maximum reach from the nucleus where the concentric circle (spheres in 3D) presenting the intersection of the branches. Values shown are concentric circle numbers having the last branch intersection of microglia. The mean and SEM of 4-6 mice per group and from 1 to 14 microglia per mice is shown. Each point represents one microglia. Two-way ANOVA, Tukey post-hoc test: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Mice that received dutasteride (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada) (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or vehicle only (0.9% saline with 1% tween 80, i.p.) were injected once daily for 10 days.

Techniques:

Journal: Pharmaceuticals

Article Title: Three-Dimensional Analysis of Sex- and Gonadal Status- Dependent Microglial Activation in a Mouse Model of Parkinson’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ph16020152

Figure Lengend Snippet: Experimental design. Male and female mice were gonadectomized (GDX) or sham operated (SHAM) and received intraperitoneal injection of dutasteride (DUT) or vehicle and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6- tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or saline.

Article Snippet: Mice that received dutasteride (Toronto Research Chemicals, Toronto, ON, Canada) (5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or vehicle only (0.9% saline with 1% tween 80, i.p.) were injected once daily for 10 days.

Techniques: Injection, Saline

Journal: AMB Express

Article Title: Repurposing pinaverium bromide against Staphylococcus and its biofilms with new mechanisms

doi: 10.1186/s13568-024-01809-x

Figure Lengend Snippet: PMF disruption and ROS inducing activities by PVB. ( A ) Microstructure observation of MRSA ATCC 43,300 by TEM and SEM, respectively. The bacterial cells were treated with 5×MIC of PVB for 1 h. The representative images were selected randomly. Scale: 250 nm for TEM and 1 μm for SEM. ( B ) Relative periplasmic space quantification of the S. aureus determined by the SEM. ( C ) Fluorescence unit quantification of DiSC3(5) probe after treated with PVB for 30 s. Melittin (2 µg/mL) was used as control. ( D ) MIC changes of PVB against MRSA ATCC 43,300 in the presence of varied proton concentrations. ( E ) PMF determination by BCECF-AM probe after treated with PVB for indicated time. Melittin (2 µg/mL) was used as control. ( F - I ) ROS ( F ) and its components of O2- ( G ), H2O2 ( H ), and OH ( I ) quantification after treated with 1×MIC of PVB for 30 min. ( J ) ROS tracing by DCFH-DA probe after treated with 1×MIC of PVB for 30 min. ( K ) Fold change of MIC values in the presence of GSH or anaerobic condition

Article Snippet: Then the bacteria were washed and resuspended in 5 mL of HEPES buffer in the presence of 10 μM of BCECF-AM (MedChem Express, New Jersey, USA).

Techniques: Disruption, Fluorescence, Control

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: The relationship between hydroxychloroquine plasma concentration and COVID-19 outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis patients in Saudi Arabia

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Calibration curve of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). (Chloroquine (CLQ) concentration: 100 ng/mL).

Article Snippet: Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) (CAS H916900) and chloroquine diphosphate salt (CLQ) (CAS C379965) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada) ( ).

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ

Article Title: The relationship between hydroxychloroquine plasma concentration and COVID-19 outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis patients in Saudi Arabia

doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.05.006

Figure Lengend Snippet: Calibration curve details of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). (Chloroquine (CLQ) concentration: 100 ng/mL).

Article Snippet: Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HCQ) (CAS H916900) and chloroquine diphosphate salt (CLQ) (CAS C379965) were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, ON, Canada) ( ).

Techniques: Concentration Assay